armaa Level 1 of the Dungeon (0, 0, D:1) a +0 club (16, 1, D:1) a +0 ring mail (7, 4, D:1) 4 large rocks (13, 5, D:1) a +0 dagger of flaming (14, 5, D:1) 2 stones (15, 5, D:1) a +0 whip 2 stones (18, 5, D:1) a +0 dagger (0, 7, D:1) a +1 spear of piercing (3, 8, D:1) a stone (3, 9, D:1) 2 stones a +0 whip a +0 ring mail (-20, 13, D:1) a +0 hand axe of draining (2, 15, D:1) a +0 club (7, 15, D:1) a +0 dagger (18, 15, D:1) a potion of cure mutation (22, 20, D:1) a +0 leather armour (9, 22, D:1) a +0 club (1, 27, D:1) a stone (14, 27, D:1) a potion of might (7, 28, D:1) a stone (23, 31, D:1) a +0 dagger (8, 32, D:1) a stone (9, 33, D:1) a stone Level 2 of the Dungeon (0, 0, D:2) a potion of curing (0, 12, D:2) a potion of might (20, 12, D:2) a throwing net (11, 14, D:2) a +1 dagger of venom (11, 15, D:2) a cursed -3 club (13, 15, D:2) a +0 ring mail (-6, 16, D:2) a +1 short sword of draining (21, 17, D:2) a +0 club (-9, 19, D:2) a potion of curing (5, 20, D:2) a +0 mace (4, 22, D:2) a +3 quarterstaff of chaos (19, 23, D:2) 18 poisoned needles (-5, 27, D:2) a potion of magic (28, 27, D:2) a +0 club (-7, 30, D:2) 12 stones (12, 34, D:2) a bread ration (35, 37, D:2) a +0 dagger Level 3 of the Dungeon (0, 0, D:3) a +2 whip of venom (7, 2, D:3) 21 arrows (8, 6, D:3) a bread ration (21, 18, D:3) a potion of cancellation (-3, 19, D:3) 22 stones (3, 19, D:3) a bread ration (13, 27, D:3) a bread ration (-9, 30, D:3) 16 poisoned needles (-1, 30, D:3) a +0 club (-3, 34, D:3) a +0 club (22, 34, D:3) a potion of curing (1, 36, D:3) a tomahawk (3, 36, D:3) a +0 club (4, 36, D:3) a +0 dagger (5, 36, D:3) a tomahawk (14, 36, D:3) a +0 dagger (21, 37, D:3) 20 arrows of dispersal (16, 38, D:3) 19 stones (12, 39, D:3) 21 stones (-12, 48, D:3) 20 poisoned needles (-7, 48, D:3) 2 potions of might Level 4 of the Dungeon (0, 0, D:4) 21 stones (-3, 6, D:4) 18 stones (13, 7, D:4) 6 large rocks (-37, 10, D:4) a potion of mutation (-1, 11, D:4) 2 potions of flight (-35, 12, D:4) a +0 hunting sling (-17, 12, D:4) a +0 blowgun (-24, 13, D:4) a cursed +0 ring mail (6, 20, D:4) a potion of brilliance (-23, 21, D:4) a +0 club a +0 chain mail a +0 hand axe a +4 trident a +0 leather armour (-22, 21, D:4) a +0 whip a +0 scale mail a cursed +0 dagger a +0 robe (-21, 21, D:4) a +0 club a +0 leather armour (-21, 22, D:4) a +0 flail (-32, 23, D:4) a +0 mace (-30, 24, D:4) a +0 leather armour a +0 flail a cursed +0 leather armour a +0 club (-29, 24, D:4) a +0 scale mail a +0 mace a +0 robe a +0 dagger (-7, 25, D:4) 4 fruits (14, 25, D:4) a +0 scale mail (16, 37, D:4) a potion of berserk rage Level 5 of the Dungeon (0, 0, D:5) a +0 robe a +0 dagger a +0 robe (1, 0, D:5) a +0 ring mail a +0 short sword a cursed -3 war axe (36, 2, D:5) 11 arrows of frost (-4, 4, D:5) a +0 robe (32, 19, D:5) a +0 club (-5, 20, D:5) 26 stones (-15, 23, D:5) 11 stones (5, 23, D:5) a +0 hunting sling (31, 25, D:5) a +0 giant club (-20, 26, D:5) a +0 trident (-3, 30, D:5) a +0 rapier (-11, 31, D:5) 31 sling bullets (-6, 32, D:5) a bread ration (4, 33, D:5) 13 stones (5, 36, D:5) a potion of lignification (21, 38, D:5) 17 stones (26, 41, D:5) 14 arrows (6, 45, D:5) 14 sling bullets of flame (-14, 48, D:5) a cursed +0 spear Level 6 of the Dungeon (0, 0, D:6) 16 poisoned needles (-31, 2, D:6) a +0 spear (-22, 6, D:6) a +0 robe (-5, 7, D:6) a +0 flail a +0 leather armour a meat ration (6, 9, D:6) a meat ration (-28, 11, D:6) 2 potions of degeneration (-39, 12, D:6) a +0 robe (1, 15, D:6) a +0 short sword a +0 chain mail (-6, 18, D:6) a +0 halberd (-2, 18, D:6) a +0 club (12, 20, D:6) a meat ration (3, 22, D:6) a potion of haste (-2, 24, D:6) a +0 dagger a +0 robe (-7, 25, D:6) a +0 ring mail a +0 club (5, 25, D:6) a plain deck of wonders (-6, 26, D:6) a +1 trident of venom (-31, 34, D:6) a meat ration (-5, 34, D:6) a +0 dagger a +0 robe (-4, 34, D:6) a +0 flail 3 tomahawks (-46, 40, D:6) a potion of cure mutation (-16, 41, D:6) 22 stones (-40, 43, D:6) a +0 robe Level 7 of the Dungeon (0, 0, D:7) a bread ration (23, 9, D:7) 5 tomahawks (-4, 13, D:7) an arrow (-3, 14, D:7) 2 arrows (-1, 14, D:7) a +1 shortbow of flaming 15 arrows a meat ration (30, 14, D:7) a +1 morningstar of venom (0, 15, D:7) 2 arrows (0, 16, D:7) an arrow (53, 17, D:7) a +0 rapier (43, 18, D:7) a +0 ring mail (13, 19, D:7) a potion of curing (38, 19, D:7) 21 arrows (42, 19, D:7) a +0 scale mail (32, 20, D:7) a +0 falchion (35, 20, D:7) 15 arrows a +0 shortbow (33, 21, D:7) a +0 dagger (unseen) (56, 24, D:7) a +0 battleaxe (26, 27, D:7) a +0 spear (41, 29, D:7) an arrow (42, 29, D:7) an arrow (15, 30, D:7) 12 stones (40, 30, D:7) 6 arrows a +0 shortbow (39, 31, D:7) an arrow (11, 37, D:7) a +0 war axe Level 8 of the Dungeon (0, 0, D:8) 7 slices of pizza (1, 0, D:8) 2 bread rations (0, 1, D:8) 2 beef jerkies (12, 6, D:8) an uncursed amulet of the gourmand (7, 7, D:8) a +0 hand axe a cursed -2 animal skin (-1, 8, D:8) a +0 short sword (12, 9, D:8) a +0 robe a +0 dagger (13, 9, D:8) a +0 club (14, 9, D:8) a +0 flail a +0 robe (12, 10, D:8) a +0 short sword (13, 10, D:8) a +0 leather armour (-17, 11, D:8) a +0 giant spiked club a +0 giant spiked club (7, 12, D:8) a +0 war axe a +0 plate armour (-2, 21, D:8) a potion of degeneration (-8, 22, D:8) a +0 hand axe (-4, 22, D:8) a +0 plate armour (4, 22, D:8) 33 stones (-1, 25, D:8) a potion of berserk rage (0, 25, D:8) a +0 mace a +0 ring mail (4, 25, D:8) a +0 dagger a +0 robe (-18, 26, D:8) a potion of brilliance (-10, 26, D:8) a +0 flail a +0 leather armour (19, 28, D:8) a +0 leather armour a fruit (-17, 33, D:8) a +0 giant spiked club a +0 giant spiked club (10, 33, D:8) 16 stones (-24, 36, D:8) a potion of magic (-10, 36, D:8) a +0 chain mail (-24, 38, D:8) a +0 dagger (-10, 38, D:8) a +0 scale mail Level 9 of the Dungeon [Shop] Noluuk's Food Boutique a meat ration (55 gold) a beef jerky (16 gold) a bread ration (55 gold) a bread ration (55 gold) a meat ration (55 gold) a bread ration (55 gold) a slice of pizza (16 gold) a beef jerky (16 gold) 5 fruits (82 gold) a slice of pizza (16 gold) a meat ration (55 gold) a beef jerky (16 gold) a meat ration (55 gold) (0, 0, D:9) a wand of random effects (17) a wand of random effects (17) (-7, 1, D:9) a +0 leather armour (-3, 10, D:9) 20 bolts (3, 10, D:9) a bread ration (-9, 14, D:9) a +0 hand axe (-7, 15, D:9) 4 needles of slowing (10, 16, D:9) a +0 short sword (-25, 18, D:9) a +0 robe (unseen) (-24, 18, D:9) a +0 robe (unseen) (10, 18, D:9) a +0 dagger a +0 robe (-24, 20, D:9) a +0 chain mail (unseen) (14, 20, D:9) a +0 war axe (16, 26, D:9) a +0 dagger a +0 robe (18, 27, D:9) a potion of heal wounds (11, 34, D:9) a +0 ring mail (-1, 35, D:9) a +0 ring mail a +0 short sword (24, 36, D:9) a +0 shield (6, 39, D:9) 14 arrows a +0 shortbow (-11, 40, D:9) a +0 bardiche (7, 40, D:9) an arrow Level 10 of the Dungeon (-45, 5, D:10) a +0 robe (-29, 5, D:10) a wand of magic darts (30) (-36, 6, D:10) a +0 ring mail (-16, 6, D:10) a +1 chain mail of poison resistance a +2 long sword of holy wrath (-19, 10, D:10) a +0 robe a +0 dagger (-18, 10, D:10) a +0 plate armour a +0 scimitar (3, 11, D:10) a beef jerky (-39, 14, D:10) a +0 robe a +0 great sword (-6, 21, D:10) 18 stones (-31, 22, D:10) a steel javelin (-7, 24, D:10) a +0 flail (-34, 29, D:10) a beef jerky (-24, 31, D:10) a steel javelin (-16, 31, D:10) a steel javelin (-16, 32, D:10) a steel javelin (-59, 37, D:10) a potion of agility (-24, 38, D:10) 14 poisoned needles (-8, 38, D:10) an arrow (-52, 40, D:10) a curare-tipped needle (-48, 40, D:10) 8 curare-tipped needles a +0 dagger of distortion a +0 blowgun (-8, 40, D:10) a +0 chain mail (-7, 41, D:10) an arrow (3, 44, D:10) a +0 robe a +1 dagger of chaos (-22, 48, D:10) 21 arrows of dispersal (-52, 52, D:10) a potion of mutation Level 11 of the Dungeon (0, 0, D:11) 5 poisoned needles (-7, 2, D:11) a potion of invisibility (23, 5, D:11) a +0 hunting sling (-22, 8, D:11) a +0 giant club (-9, 8, D:11) a scroll of summoning (-2, 9, D:11) a +0 robe (3, 9, D:11) a plain deck of escape (16, 9, D:11) a potion of agility (28, 10, D:11) 28 stones (21, 12, D:11) a +0 falchion (-26, 13, D:11) a +0 scale mail (-20, 18, D:11) 22 stones (-13, 19, D:11) 20 stones (25, 22, D:11) a +0 rapier of speed (16, 24, D:11) a +1 dire flail of draining (-17, 29, D:11) a potion of brilliance (-9, 33, D:11) a +0 chain mail (24, 34, D:11) 15 stones (1, 35, D:11) a potion of poison (23, 39, D:11) a +0 short sword (-8, 41, D:11) a bread ration Level 12 of the Dungeon (0, 0, D:12) 6 poisoned needles (2, 0, D:12) a wand of slowing (14) (18, 6, D:12) a +0 short sword (-17, 12, D:12) a +0 giant club (35, 12, D:12) 20 sling bullets (-17, 13, D:12) a book of Frost a book of Changes (3, 13, D:12) a +0 club (5, 14, D:12) a +0 flail (3, 16, D:12) a +0 morningstar (2, 17, D:12) a +0 flail (7, 18, D:12) a +0 club a +0 leather armour (-5, 20, D:12) 18 poisoned needles (44, 26, D:12) 3 javelins (-10, 30, D:12) a poisoned needle (22, 30, D:12) a +0 mace a +0 war axe a cursed +0 plate armour (-8, 31, D:12) a +0 blowgun 6 poisoned needles a +0 short sword 3 stones a +0 flail a +0 leather armour (-7, 31, D:12) a stone a +0 club (-17, 32, D:12) a stone (-14, 33, D:12) a stone (-12, 33, D:12) a cursed -2 club a stone (-10, 34, D:12) a royal jelly (0, 34, D:12) a +1 falchion of holy wrath (17, 38, D:12) a box of beasts (46, 38, D:12) a +0 dagger (-11, 45, D:12) a cursed +0 leather armour (11, 45, D:12) a tomahawk (-13, 46, D:12) a +0 flail (12, 48, D:12) a tomahawk (35, 48, D:12) a +0 dagger a +0 robe (12, 49, D:12) a +0 dagger a +0 robe a +0 dagger a +0 leather armour 2 tomahawks of dispersal a +0 leather armour (13, 49, D:12) a cursed +0 dagger a +0 long sword (31, 49, D:12) a tomahawk (35, 49, D:12) a +0 dagger 2 tomahawks a cursed +0 leather armour a potion of poison a +0 falchion (36, 49, D:12) a +0 dagger a +0 leather armour (37, 49, D:12) a +0 long sword a +0 leather armour (-12, 50, D:12) 19 sling bullets (-12, 56, D:12) a +0 leather armour Level 13 of the Dungeon (-54, 7, D:13) a +0 ring mail (-33, 7, D:13) a +0 hand axe (-35, 8, D:13) a +0 dagger (-53, 9, D:13) a bread ration (-10, 9, D:13) 2 fruits (-40, 10, D:13) a meat ration (-27, 13, D:13) a +0 chain mail (-4, 15, D:13) 20 sling bullets (-23, 16, D:13) a +0 giant club (unseen) (-35, 17, D:13) 3 tomahawks (-29, 19, D:13) a +0 quarterstaff (-17, 19, D:13) a +0 whip (-15, 19, D:13) a +0 flail (-21, 21, D:13) a meat ration (-27, 23, D:13) 20 arrows a +0 shortbow an arrow of flame (-27, 24, D:13) a +0 shortbow 15 arrows of flame a +0 shortbow 10 arrows a +0 shortbow 17 arrows of frost (-5, 24, D:13) a +0 morningstar (-8, 25, D:13) a +0 giant club (-6, 25, D:13) a wand of hasting (2) (-35, 30, D:13) a +0 buckler (-27, 30, D:13) an arrow (-9, 32, D:13) a cursed +2 war axe of freezing a +0 robe a cursed +0 great sword a +0 robe (-8, 33, D:13) a cursed +2 dagger a +0 robe a cursed +1 spear a +0 robe (-15, 34, D:13) a bread ration (-30, 37, D:13) a throwing net (-54, 42, D:13) a +0 robe (-54, 44, D:13) a +0 pair of gloves (-6, 47, D:13) a +0 war axe (-9, 49, D:13) a +0 flail a +0 club a +0 club a +0 ring mail a +0 flail Level 14 of the Dungeon (0, 0, D:14) 14 stones (23, 1, D:14) 22 stones (24, 9, D:14) 22 stones (8, 15, D:14) a +0 chain mail a +0 great sword (-2, 16, D:14) a +0 hand axe (-1, 16, D:14) a +0 plate armour 26 bolts a +0 broad axe a +0 arbalest (4, 16, D:14) a +1 war axe of freezing (6, 17, D:14) 13 arrows a +0 longbow (19, 17, D:14) a wand of polymorph (2) a +0 hand axe (24, 17, D:14) a +0 hand axe (3, 18, D:14) a +0 leather armour a +1 battleaxe of chopping (20, 18, D:14) a +0 robe a +2 morningstar (21, 18, D:14) a +0 robe a cursed +1 flail (21, 19, D:14) a +0 robe a cursed +2 trident (0, 20, D:14) a cursed +0 flail (2, 20, D:14) a meat ration (21, 20, D:14) a +0 robe a cursed +0 scimitar a cursed +2 battleaxe a +0 robe (-17, 22, D:14) a +0 robe a +0 dagger (13, 24, D:14) a +0 hand axe (-23, 30, D:14) a scroll of recharging a +0 flail a cursed -1 hand crossbow (-1, 32, D:14) a +0 robe a +0 dagger (-17, 38, D:14) a phial of floods (22, 39, D:14) a +0 giant club (-11, 40, D:14) a large rock (-9, 41, D:14) 2 large rocks (33, 41, D:14) 3 large rocks (17, 43, D:14) a +0 robe (-2, 45, D:14) a +0 giant club (17, 45, D:14) a meat ration (-12, 48, D:14) a +3 ring mail a +0 great sword (19, 51, D:14) a +0 leather armour a +0 flail (20, 52, D:14) a +0 plate armour a +1 antimagic battleaxe Level 15 of the Dungeon (0, 0, D:15) a +0 leather armour (3, 0, D:15) a fire dragon skeleton (-20, 1, D:15) a cursed -1 spear (23, 6, D:15) a +0 short sword (-2, 7, D:15) 27 arrows a +0 shortbow (24, 7, D:15) a mottled dragon corpse (-9, 8, D:15) an arrow (-6, 8, D:15) a poisoned arrow (-3, 8, D:15) 7 poisoned arrows a +0 shortbow (-2, 8, D:15) 8 arrows a +0 shortbow (25, 8, D:15) a giant frog corpse (-16, 10, D:15) 24 stones (30, 10, D:15) a +0 trident a +0 robe (33, 12, D:15) a stone (-16, 13, D:15) a beef jerky (22, 13, D:15) a meat ration (-7, 14, D:15) a cursed -2 flail (-19, 15, D:15) a stone of tremors (-6, 16, D:15) a +0 ring mail a +0 short sword (-4, 17, D:15) a +0 robe a +0 dagger (-6, 19, D:15) a +0 glaive a +0 leather armour (36, 19, D:15) a +0 hand axe 10 stones a +0 ring mail (36, 21, D:15) a +0 dagger a +0 robe a +0 long sword a +0 chain mail 18 stones (36, 22, D:15) a +0 mace a +0 dagger a +0 robe (25, 23, D:15) 19 sling bullets (36, 23, D:15) 3 stones (36, 26, D:15) a stone (36, 27, D:15) a +0 long sword a +0 robe the Ecumenical Temple Level 1 of the Lair of Beasts (0, 0, Lair:1) 14 stones (-25, 3, Lair:1) a +0 buckler (-18, 8, Lair:1) a potion of curing (-24, 15, Lair:1) a +0 dagger (3, 15, Lair:1) a potion of curing (2, 25, Lair:1) 31 stones (1, 30, Lair:1) a plain deck of wonders (-38, 38, Lair:1) a +0 ring mail (-13, 39, Lair:1) an uncursed ring of loudness Level 2 of the Lair of Beasts (0, 0, Lair:2) 22 stones (-11, 3, Lair:2) a +0 chain mail (-28, 11, Lair:2) a +0 quarterstaff (-22, 16, Lair:2) 10 stones (1, 23, Lair:2) a +0 trident (6, 23, Lair:2) a bread ration (-37, 26, Lair:2) a +0 leather armour (-19, 33, Lair:2) a sack of spiders (-6, 37, Lair:2) 12 stones (-43, 41, Lair:2) a wand of frost (0) (-15, 44, Lair:2) a +0 trident (-36, 46, Lair:2) 14 poisoned needles (5, 50, Lair:2) a +0 ring mail Level 3 of the Lair of Beasts (2, 1, Lair:3) a potion of poison (15, 1, Lair:3) a potion of curing (47, 1, Lair:3) 16 bolts (55, 4, Lair:3) 22 bolts (26, 9, Lair:3) 20 stones (24, 13, Lair:3) a +0 flail (59, 15, Lair:3) a +0 leather armour (34, 18, Lair:3) a slice of pizza (31, 22, Lair:3) 21 stones (-4, 26, Lair:3) a potion of poison (15, 28, Lair:3) a meat ration Level 4 of the Lair of Beasts (0, 0, Lair:4) 25 stones (-18, 2, Lair:4) a potion of invisibility (13, 4, Lair:4) a beef jerky (-48, 6, Lair:4) a +0 mace (10, 6, Lair:4) a +0 glaive (-39, 12, Lair:4) 3 fruits (-6, 16, Lair:4) 15 arrows (-54, 26, Lair:4) 21 stones (-12, 26, Lair:4) a +0 dire flail (-6, 31, Lair:4) 13 sling bullets (-34, 35, Lair:4) a +0 war axe a +0 ring mail (-13, 37, Lair:4) a +0 shortbow (-31, 40, Lair:4) 2 throwing nets (-26, 44, Lair:4) a +0 scimitar (-18, 55, Lair:4) a +0 ring mail Level 5 of the Lair of Beasts (0, 0, Lair:5) a beef jerky (-3, 2, Lair:5) a +0 ring mail (-28, 11, Lair:5) 19 stones (0, 11, Lair:5) a meat ration (-13, 12, Lair:5) a +0 scale mail (-7, 14, Lair:5) a +0 whip (-2, 16, Lair:5) a scroll of recharging (-9, 24, Lair:5) a +0 leather armour (-37, 25, Lair:5) a +0 pair of gloves (-31, 26, Lair:5) a +0 leather armour (-5, 27, Lair:5) the Almanac of the Escort Spells Type Level a - Summon Small Mammal Summoning 1 b - Summon Guardian Golem Hexes/Summoning 3 c - Call Canine Familiar Summoning 3 d - Summon Lightning Spire Summoning/Air 4 (-6, 29, Lair:5) a potion of heal wounds (17, 34, Lair:5) a potion of curing (13, 43, Lair:5) 13 arrows (-39, 46, Lair:5) 13 stones (-8, 46, Lair:5) a beef jerky (4, 53, Lair:5) a bread ration (-9, 56, Lair:5) 20 stones Level 6 of the Lair of Beasts (0, 0, Lair:6) a +1 whip of flaming (-38, 2, Lair:6) 31 stones (-27, 3, Lair:6) a +0 hand crossbow (-32, 22, Lair:6) a wand of disintegration (11) (-11, 24, Lair:6) a +0 scale mail (13, 25, Lair:6) 18 stones (-30, 30, Lair:6) 27 bolts (2, 37, Lair:6) a +0 leather armour (12, 37, Lair:6) a +0 spear (18, 41, Lair:6) a slice of pizza (-45, 48, Lair:6) 10 poisoned needles (-37, 51, Lair:6) a +0 buckler Level 7 of the Lair of Beasts (0, 0, Lair:7) a potion of beneficial mutation (-27, 19, Lair:7) 12 stones (-9, 26, Lair:7) 13 bolts of frost (-35, 27, Lair:7) a +0 spear (-17, 27, Lair:7) a potion of berserk rage (-4, 27, Lair:7) a potion of cancellation (-32, 29, Lair:7) a potion of haste (-9, 31, Lair:7) a scroll of recharging (10, 32, Lair:7) a bread ration (-25, 35, Lair:7) a +0 chain mail (13, 36, Lair:7) a slice of pizza (14, 38, Lair:7) a beef jerky (9, 41, Lair:7) a +0 robe (-8, 46, Lair:7) a potion of curing (-2, 46, Lair:7) a potion of heal wounds (-31, 47, Lair:7) a +0 ring mail (8, 49, Lair:7) 17 arrows Level 8 of the Lair of Beasts (0, 0, Lair:8) a +0 leather armour (-16, 1, Lair:8) a +0 club (22, 3, Lair:8) 5 javelins of penetration (44, 3, Lair:8) a +0 scale mail (34, 12, Lair:8) a meat ration (18, 16, Lair:8) 5 poisoned needles (-5, 17, Lair:8) 11 stones (-9, 20, Lair:8) 20 arrows (1, 28, Lair:8) a +0 mace (3, 28, Lair:8) a +0 spear of venom (4, 28, Lair:8) 25 bolts (1, 29, Lair:8) 19 stones (2, 29, Lair:8) a +0 quarterstaff of speed (3, 29, Lair:8) 25 stones (42, 29, Lair:8) 15 stones (-20, 33, Lair:8) 3 fruits (22, 36, Lair:8) a potion of heal wounds (26, 36, Lair:8) a wand of invisibility (1) (16, 37, Lair:8) a +0 ring mail (-12, 39, Lair:8) a +0 scale mail (-15, 54, Lair:8) 17 arrows (-11, 54, Lair:8) a wand of random effects (16)